ОТКЛЮЧЕНИЯ В ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СЕТЯХ 0,4 КВ: КОЛИЧЕСТВО, ПРИЧИНЫ И КОНТРМЕРЫ

Abstract

Studies were carried out with the aim of analyzing blackouts in electric networks of 0.4 ... 10 kV and determining the main countermeasures to reduce their number. As an indicator of reliability, the failure rate of the main network elements is analyzed. The total number of outages considered included consumer outages, outages due to damage to 0.4 kV overhead power lines (transmission lines) and transformer substation (TS) equipment. The studies were carried out on the basis of the data of Mtsenskiy, Orloyskiy and Pokrovsky districts of electric networks of “Oreloenergo” – a branch of PJSC “MRSK Center” and JSC “Oreloblenergo” in the period from 2015 to 2017. Most of the causes of damage to power line equipment of 0.4 and transformer substations of 10/0.4 kV can be prevented by increasing the level of its maintenance and conducting timely diagnostics. The determination of quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of countermeasures to reduce the number of outages is difficult due to the lack of technical condition monitoring systems in electric networks. The main measures aimed at solving this problem in 0.4 kV networks are the transition to power lines with insulated wires; improving the design of switching devices, switches and transformer leads; the use of diagnostic tools; disaggregation of power lines. Replacing the equipment of electric grids with new types provides the economic effect of reducing the frequency of failures, as well as saving due to a reduction in maintenance costs. In particular, replacing transformers with hermetic ones allows reducing electricity shortfalls by 43.6%, and insulated wires by 95.3%