ОПЫТ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И ТИПОЛОГИИ «ФЕЙКОВЫХ НОВОСТЕЙ»

Abstract

Objective of the study is the definition and typologization of “fake news”, based on the struc­tural and content features of news and near­news streams, as well as the current experience of classifying “fakes” in a few modern publica­tions of Western and domestic authors.   The methodological basis of the research includes a structural approach to news content, as well as a critical approach to definitions of “fake news” based on existing experience. Research results. “Fake news” is typologized according to the form of presentation, and the features of the content, as well as the factors of their dissemination in the media and social media are considered. Despite widespread attempts to narrow down the content of the concept of “fake news” and exclude from it a number of categories that are not directly related to news, as well as to present their creation and distribution as a product mainly of social media, a more realistic approach is proposed, based primarily on the politicization of traditional media and assuming their engagement. Accordingly, it is proposed to expand the scope  of identifying “fake news” with the inclusion in their typologization of various forms of propaganda, political advertising, in some cases, political humor and other forms of near­news information presented and perceived by the audience as news stories.   Prospects of the study. The study of “fake news” is promising from the point of view of the effectiveness of information flow management, information security of society, as well as the further development of relevant theoretical and applied areas in the sociology of communications, political sociology and journalism.