Міофункціональні апарати та усунення шкідливих звичок як необхідні елементи комплексного ортодонтичного лікування хворих із набутими зубощелепними аномаліями на фоні шкідливих звичок

Abstract

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the complex treatment of maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits. Research methods. The cross-sectional study involved 15 relatively healthy children and 60 children with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits aged 15-17 years. A clinical examination was conducted. There was an extaoral examination, determination of the way of swallowing and breathing, determination of the condition of the temporomandibular joints, a photo protocol. The patients were given a secret questionnaire in order to identify stress factors that affect the body. The relationship between the presence of a stress factor and the appearance of changes in the maxillofacial area was studied. The cephalometric study was evaluated before and after complex treatment. We have compared the cephalometric study with the results of the clinical examination. Scientific novelty. The obtained results of secret survey, the STAI testify to the state of chronic tension of patients, a feeling of emotional relief during the period of using an oral habit. The results of the examination and photo protocol confirm pronounced changes in the symmetry and proportionality of the face in the area where was an oral habit associated with recorded extratonic reflexes. Patients had complex treatment with non-removable palatal structures, brace systems in combination with myogymnastics. The treatment was supplemented with myofunctional appliances, if there were functional disorders, in particular the act of swallowing or hidden mouth breathing. The results of the cephalometric study confirm the presence of adaptive changes on the part of the jaw bones and the muscular system and confirm the existence of a functional facial matrix. Conclusions. The etiopathogenetic approach to the complex treatment of orthodontic patients helps to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and prevent relapses. The long-term results of the treatment indicate that after the treatment, the clinical and cephalometric characteristics of the jaw bones and the muscular apparatus normalize in patients. Key words: stress, oral habits, maxillofacial deformations, cephalometry, myofunctional aplliance.