ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКІ ТА ПАРЛАМЕНТСЬКІ ВИБОРЧІ КАМПАНІЇ В УМОВАХ ОДНОРІЧНИХ ЕЛЕКТОРАЛЬНИХ ЦИКЛІВ ДОБИ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

In this article, three one-year electoral cycles during the Independence of Ukraine have been researched. In 1994, 2014 and 2019 the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine were elected in one year. The main causes of these elections were political crises that paralyzed the further development of the state and public attitudes that did not match the party composition of the current electoral authorities.It is emphasized that in terms of the sequence of conducting parliamentary and presidential campaigns 1994 is different from 2014 and 2019. In 1994 parliamentary elections were first conducted and then the presidential elections, in 2014 and 2019, on the contrary: presidential and then parliamentary. In terms of the timing of the elections, in 1994 and 2014 the presidential and parliamentary election campaigns were extraordinary and in 2019 the presidential campaign was regular and the parliamentary one was extraordinary.The election systems that have been applied under one-year electoral cycles are analyzed. At the election of the President, the electoral system has remained unchanged during Ukraine’s Independence period – the majoritarian system. At the same time, in relation to the elections to parliament: in 1994 a majoritarian system was used and in 2014 and 2019 – a mixed electoral system (50% majority and 50% proportional with a 5% barrier for political parties).It has been outlined that technologically presidential campaigns of L. Kravchuk and L. Kuchma in 1994 were based on the electoral attitudes of the parliamentary elections, but in 2014 and 2019 elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine were a logical continuation of the presidential elections while maintaining the basic strategy and main messages of the political parties campaigns.It have been clarified that the request for a radical reformation of authority, a quick reboot of the political system and anti-elite attitudes are the current world trends which are in line with Ukrainian realities through the election of V. Zelensky as President of Ukraine and a high level of electoral confidence in the new party “Servant of the people” in 2019.