باغسازی اروپایی اصطلاحی نامفهوم، تأثیر سبک‌های باغسازی رنسانس، باروک و رمانتیک بر باغ‌های تهران در دوران قاجار

Abstract

The concept of garden was created in Iran from ancient era and kept continue until contemporary time. During Qajar era and after the emergence of thought revolutions, ancient urban structures including Iranian gardens did not remain stable as before. Thus, changes have been made in their apparent structure. In the meantime, Tehran's gardens have been affected to a great extent by Renaissance, Baroque, and Romanticism and the garden's structure has changed in terms of its appearance. The researchers attributed such changes in appearance to Europe or the West without referring back to any particular style or school of art. Meanwhile, landscape schools in Europe are so much different in terms of their country of origin and their historical-philosophical background and it is vague to argue that gardens constructed during the Qajar era have been affected by European countries by large. An investigation of contextual elements and thought patterns contributing to garden construction in Renaissance, Baroque, and Romantic styles and their recognition in Tehran's gardens constructed during Qajar era can reveal their correlation in terms of their style differences and components affecting them. This study is an attempt to prohibit the use of European style of garden construction in Iran and identify the features and impacts of Renaissance; Baroque and Romantic styles in gardens constructed in Tehran during the Qajar era. This study follows a qualitative design. Descriptive-analytical approaches as well as library resources and literature on Romantic, Renaissance, and Baroque gardening styles during the Qajar era have been used in this study. Besides, a comparison has been made between these styles in terms of their principles and constituting elements. It's apparent that garden construction during the renaissance, Baroque, and Romantic periods, as distinguished European style s of constructing gardens in Europe, are different from each other, therefore, their shallow imitation of style resulted in an eclectic structure in Tehran gardens; however, the prototype of Iranian garden is still persistent in some cases.