Abstract
The refractory lining plays a crucial role in the performance of modern oxygen converter process, as its durability determines the life of the metallurgical unit. During the campaign, it is subjected to various extreme loads and factors of different nature. The most reliable and widespread methods of establishing the causes of the destruction of refractories are chemical research and structural research of burnt bricks after service in converters. In the work carried out, a study of changes in the lining of a 50-ton oxygen converter was carried out in order to expand the understanding of the influence of technological factors on the macro picture of the destruction of the lining. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the fact that iron oxides have the greatest influence on lining components, especially in combination with silicon, which has a rather low melting point (1200 oC), which under conditions of elevated melt temperature leads to dissolution and cracking of the refractory working layer. In the zone of the upper cone, a significant influence of magnesium oxidation reactions was established, which is connected with its high affinity to oxygen. For the zone of the metal bath, a significant contribution to the destruction of refractories is made by the oxidation reactions of magnesium and aluminum (as antioxidants in refractories) and their interaction with sulfur, which is due to the greatest affinity of these elements with oxygen and their high activity. In the slag zone reactions of refractory carbon with monooxide of iron, magnesium oxide with magnetite, and interaction of fayalite with carbon and magnesium oxide have great influence. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis confirm the destruction of refractory products during oxygen conversion as a result of impregnation of the slag melt components into the volume of the refractory, namely due to the interaction of iron and manganese oxides with the carbon-containing bond at elevated temperatures.
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