한국에서 자기 생산 기술의 도입과 확산에 대한 일고찰

Abstract

Porcelain production technology was introduced to Korea from China as the powerful local clans got stronger between the Unified Silla and early Goryeo period. Zen sects, the nine-mountain schools of the Zen sect and tea culture became popular during the political chaos. Later, the Three Kingdoms were established and accordingly the demand for porcelain increased. It seemed that China could not properly block its porcelain production technology from flowing into Korea because China was also awash in the chaos of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Diverse powerful local clans on the Korean peninsula tried to strengthen their political influence by introducing porcelain production technology rather importing porcelains and thus accumulate economic wealth. It is difficult to accurately define when the porcelain production was started in Korea because of insufficient data. However, it seems reasonable that the porcelain production would have started between late 9^th century and early 10^th century in accordance with the extensive deliberation on the background of the introduction of porcelain production technology in Korea and its expansion pattern. The porcelain production technology was individually introduced from China to Korea through the routes independently explored by the political powers from the midwest and southwest regions of the Korean peninsula. The hubs of such introduction were Bangsan-dong, Siheung in the midwest region, and Dotong-ri, Jinan and Punggil-ri, Jangheung in the southwest region in accordance with the examination of teacups with a Korean-style halo-shaped foot and other teacups with halo-shaped feet (existing teacups with proto-pi-shaped feett and teacups with intermediate halo-shaped feet) found earlier. The porcelain production system varied due to the difference in the exchange patterns with China. In the midwest region or Dotong-ri, Jinan, Chinese technicians came to Korea, built brick kilns and produced porcelain using those kilns. However, in the southwest region, including Jangheung or Gangjin, Korean potters went to China and learned the technology through the networks built by the marine activities of Jang Bogo and produced porcelain using the existing clay kilns. However, in the late 10^th century, when Goryeo unified during the late Three Kingdoms period and strengthened their control on local areas through the centralization of power, the existing hubs of porcelain production were moved to neighboring areas due to the extensive reorganization of sites. The hubs of porcelain production were expanded from Bangsan-dong, Siheung to Seo-ri, Yongin, and Jungam-ri, Yeoju, from Dotong-ri, Jinan to Yonggye-ri, Gochang, and from Punggil-ri, Jangheung to Yongwun-ri, Gangjin and Wundae-ri, Goheung. When the hubs were expanded to neighboring areas, the kilns were characterized by various kinds of operations and long operating periods. The period after mid-Goryeo could be considered as the stage when the hub of celadon production was completely settled to Yucheon-ri, Buan and Sadang-ri, Gangjin.