Abstract
The number of computer network attacks today is increasing with the sophisticated attack tools and complicated methods hence, building secure systems is required. The demand for regular penetration testing and vulnerability scanning has become an urgent issue. This paper focuses on increase the security of the system resources being tested; Determine the weakness in the popular operating systems; Focus on methodologies and approaches to analyze the system for security that leads to protect the system against external threats. An experimental setup of a virtual penetration testing environment lab is created on a system using virtualization software. By using of the most powerful tools and techniques used today, a successful penetration testing and vulnerability scanning through three phases of processes are implemented. Eventually, the results of this process will help identify potential vulnerabilities in the operating systems and ways to patch them up. Keywords: Cybersecurity, penetration testing, vulnerability scanning tools.
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