Питання про навчання дітей з порушенням функцій опорно-рухового апарату в Україні наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття

Abstract

The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern special education – history of the development of education of children with children orthopedic impairments in Ukraine. Historical and pedagogical studies of the formation and development of the education system of children with children orthopedic impairments are an important source for reforming the system of special education in the realities of the New Ukrainian School, can help determine the prospects of providing quality education to children of the specified nosology, the development of the science of orthopedics. The purpose of the article is to highlight the process of the formation of a system of education of children with children orthopedic impairments in Ukraine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The author analyzes the ways of providing education to children with children orthopedic impairments during the specified period. The problems of the activity of medical and pedagogical offices are considered and their main tasks are defined. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, conclusions were drawn about the main directions of activity of the medical-pedagogical offices in the issues of diagnostics, study, differentiation, and assistance to children with life-limiting activities. The end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, rich in historical events, the years of revolutions, national liberation competitions in Ukraine, new pedagogical searches have sharpened the attention of the society to the problems of caring, education, training, and rehabilitation of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This period is marked by a change in attitude towards children and adults with intellectual and physical disabilities. In the nineteenth century, not only learning but also the right to education became more aware. There is an involvement of persons with impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system to work in enterprises (the impact of the industrial revolution, the end of the industrial revolution, bourgeois reforms in Russia). Issues of education, education of children of this category in the early twentieth century were actively studied and discussed. Only some attempts were made to organize the education of children with children orthopedic impairments, but no differentiated state system of their education was issued. In the course of scientific research, the following methods were used: the method of studying the scientific literature; method of theoretical analysis (generalization and systematization) in order to reveal the content of the study; comparative-historical method.