Государственная политика в сфере культуры в зеркале социологии

Abstract

The article contains a summary of data from sociological studies targeted on evaluation of the expert and population opinion regarding the current state and future perspective of the governmental policy in the cultural sector. The obtained results allow to correct and to increase the efficacy of the state policy in the cultural sector at the federal and regional levels. The analysis is based on the data obtained during the all-Russian interview of the experts named “Targets and priorities of the cultural policy of the modern Russia”. The study has been conducted by the scientists of Institute of Sociology of Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Economy Institute of RAS, Institute of natural Science of RAS and Russian Federation population survey Cultural policy of Russia in the regional breakdown’ conducted by the Center of Social prognosis. The results of the surveys show that modernization of the Russian society discovers the underestimation of meaning of culture as the main background of Russian civilization and also in adequacy of the current cultural policy towards the increasing demands caused by the renovation of the society. Recently the cultural policy was mainly maintained on a budgetary mode. Actually its efficacy depended on the non-core ministries’ preferences that were concentrated on its own targets. Due to a fact that the effect of the cultural initiatives is delayed it was not possible to assess adequately the negative consequences of decrease of the cultural and subsequently human resource potential of the country. As a result the cultural policy has been actually dropped off the governmental strategy of country development. Only the efforts taken by the country leadership allowed recovering of cultural policy as a part of state development strategy. The development of new economic policy in the cultural sector should be based on the recognition of culture as investment-attractive area in terms of the human resources that defines future perspectives of Russian society. It is recognized as an important point by the experts. The increase of the budget expenses should also be accompanied by flexible and differentiated tax policy. It allows development of the motivation for charity and also elimination of issues related to the regional culture financing. Current incapacity of culture legislation causes the necessity for not only the new managerial and social technologies but also political leverages for elimination of destructive contradictions between current economic conditions and the culture as the area for human nature development. As recognized by experts the main target of cultural policy is a set up of new all-Russian mentality based on the organic link between the natural culture spiritual origins and striving for innovative upgrades of environment, formation of the new Russian socio-cultural identity that recovers the integrity of the national history, productivity of the unity of multinational country and variety of national cultures of different ethnicities in Russia. This abasis for successful development of country in XXI century.