Активне дозвілля і його організація: історичний контекст

Abstract

With the development of technology, a phenomenon related to the availability of time for spending leisure time on a large scale appeared. This created a new social problem that forced many countries to pay attention to this category of life. At the same time, it turned out that the nature of any performed work has a negative effect on a person, which must be compensated during active leisure time. The goal is to reveal the genesis of the leisure sphere in the social activities of various categories of people. Methods. We applied the analysis of scientific literature in the areas of: pedagogy, philosophy of culture, physical culture, pedagogical hermeneutics, science methodology, innovation, system analysis, pedagogical synergy, and, accordingly, ways of implementing a comprehensive approach in the organization of active leisure. In accordance with the ideas of knowledge transfer and their pedagogical integration, approaches, visions and strategies characteristic of psychology, pedagogical and philosophical anthropology were used. Six hundred families from different social groups (200 from each oblast of Halychyna – Ifano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Lviv) took part in the survey on forms of family leisure. Results. The conducted research made it possible to establish both wave-like (the period of ancient Greek culture, the Middle Ages, the renaissance era, the transition to industrial and postindustrial society), and ideologically distorted (the times of Communo- Bolshevism) periods of organizing and conducting active leisure among children, youth and adults. Conclusion. The rational organization of «free time» and its use were already relevant in the times of ancient Greece. After some decline in the Middle Ages, it was time to revive the culture of leisure, its active forms (games, sports, active tourism) were updated. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Western European traditions of active leisure activities spread to the territory of Galicia. In the days of Communist Bolshevism, active leisure time was ideologized by the misanthropic imperial system. Currently, despite the attractiveness of telecommunications and social networks, active leisure time is gradually gaining popularity and new content among children, young people, and adults.