広島原爆の爆発威力の評価 熱線の効果にもとづく推定

Abstract

Explosive yields of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs are important factors for the reassessment of radiation doses due to atomic bombings. Although the yield of Nagasaki bomb has been established as 22±2kt, that of Hiroshima bomb still remains uncertain. We estimated the yield of Hiroshima bomb by using comparative method which needs only relative figures of relevant parameters that can be obtained by comparing effects produced by a bomb of unknown yield with those produced by a bomb of known yield. In this study, the yield of Hiroshima bomb relative to that of Nagasaki bomb was estimated based on 9 comparative data of distances for equal thermal radiation effects in both cities. Results ranged from 10.8 to 18.6kt with no correction for incidence angle of thermal ray. After making correction for angle of incidence, the yield became 11.8-17.9kt. It was suggested that the longer the distance at which a data for calculation was observed, the smaller the estimated yield of Hiroshima bomb due to some unidentified reasons.