Abstract
The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf., permitted for use at different times in the period from 1975 to 2014. An analysis of the elements of ear productivity in durum wheat plants of Saratov varieties under the conditions of 2020 was carried out. The varietal features of the development of the spike of the main shoot were revealed according to a number of characteristics: the number of spikelets in a spike, the number of grains in an ear, the weight of a grain, the number of ungrained and grained spikelets. The height of the plant and the length of the spike were measured. On the basis of the data obtained, the selection indices were calculated – the Canadian index, the Mexican index, the index of the linear density of the ear, the morphogenetic index of productivity. A cultivar with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems was revealed in terms of the elements of ear productivity – the number of spikelets, the number of caryopses and their weight – Luch 25. This cultivar is characterized by the most developed embryonic shoot among the studied cultivars, as well as the maximum length of the embryonic root system and a high growth rate root system of the seedling.
Highlights
Изучение элементов структуры урожайности любой возделываемой культуры позволяет установить закономерности ее формирования
The varietal features of the development of the spike of the main shoot were revealed according to a number of characteristics: the number of spikelets in a spike, the number of grains in an ear, the weight of a grain, the number of ungrained and grained spikelets
A cultivar with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems was revealed in terms of the elements of ear productivity – the number of spikelets, the number of caryopses and their weight – Luch 25
Summary
Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Объектами исследования служили растения 14 сортов твердой пшеницы Triticum durum Desf., допущенные к использованию в разное время в период с 1975 по 2014 г. Проведен анализ элементов продуктивности колоса у растений твердой пшеницы сортов саратовской селекции в условиях 2020 г. Выявлены сортовые особенности развития колоса главного побега по ряду признаков: количеству колосков в колосе, количеству зерновок в колосе, массе зерновки, количеству неозерненных и озерненных колосков. На основании полученных данных рассчитаны селекционные индексы: канадский индекс, мексиканский индекс, индекс линейной плотности колоса, морфогенетический индекс продуктивности. Выявлен сорт со сбалансированным типом морфогенетических систем по элементам продуктивности колоса – количеству колосков, количеству зерновок и их массе – Луч 25. Ключевые слова: Triticum durum Desf., сорт, элементы структуры урожайности, продуктивность главного колоса, селекционные индексы продуктивности, морфогенетический индекс продуктивности Для цитирования: Хачатуров Э. В. Структура элементов продуктивности твердой пшеницы сортов саратовской селекции // Известия Саратовского университета.
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