食物可获得性对冬季丹顶鹤能量收支的影响——以扎龙自然保护区人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤为例

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 食物可获得性对冬季丹顶鹤能量收支的影响——以扎龙自然保护区人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201406161246 作者: 作者单位: 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院;齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31470016) The influence of the different food availability in winter on energy budget of Red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in Zhalong Nature Reserve Author: Affiliation: College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University;College of Life Science,Agriculture and Forestry,Qiqihaer University,College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,Zhalong Nature Reserve,Zhalong Nature Reserve,Zhalong Nature Reserve Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:动物主要通过摄入食物和获得食物中的能量来维持其正常的生命活动。为论证食物获得性对冬季丹顶鹤能量收支的影响及为其越冬保护提供科学依据,以扎龙自然保护区人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤为研究对象,对分别供给鲫鱼、玉米和混合(鲫鱼+玉米)饲喂3组丹顶鹤的能量收支、体重及其行为变化进行比较。结果发现,丹顶鹤的能量收支受食物可获得性差异影响,鲫鱼、混合饲喂和玉米3组丹顶鹤的能量收支及排泄次数依次降低,玉米组丹顶鹤的体重降低显著(P < 0.01)及其行为谱中的静息时间分配明显增加。食物的可选择性、环境低温和短光照的交互作用使丹顶鹤的可摄食时间受限,丹顶鹤的能量收支随之发生变化。分析结果表明扎龙保护区冬季每日定时、定量供给鲫鱼和足量供给玉米的饲喂丹顶鹤的方法较为合理。 Abstract:For most animals, adequate food and energy intake is essential for the maintenance of normal life activities. Food intake-which depends on the availability of different foods, feeding time and palatability-is closely related to environmental factors, and is a critical factor affecting energy balance in some birds. The present study was designed to examine the impacts of differing food intake on energy budget and behavior in winter Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis), and to check the feasibility of the feeding method in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China. Red-crowned cranes were housed individually in cages (6m×4m×4m) in their natural habitat in Zhalong Nature Reserve (46°52'-47°32'N, 123°47'-123°37'E) during December 2013. Twenty-three adults older than 5 years of age were divided into three groups and fed a diet of crucian carp (4♀, 4♂), corn (4♀, 4♂), or a combination of both (4♀, 3♂), respectively. During the feeding experiment, they were maintained in natural conditions, with a short photoperiod of near 8L:16D and an average temperature of -12.8℃. After a week, we compared changes in behavior, body mass, energy budget and fecal discharge frequency among different diet treatments in the winter birds. The birds were weighed (to 0.01kg) by the breeder (Method: (A+B)-A, where A is the breeder's weight) at the start of the experiment, and then at weekly intervals over the period of food availability acclimation. At the same time every day during the experiment period, we chose two birds from each group and recorded the total distribution time of the different behaviors. Energy and water intake was measured for every bird. The amount of supplied and residual food was weighed every day of the experiment, and the caloric content of food intake was determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The fecal discharge frequency was calculated by counting fecal deposits five times every day; after which the deposit was removed to ensure accurate measurement. After acclimatization, we found that the body mass and behavior of G. japonensis changed significantly with different diets. The body mass of birds feeding on corn was significantly lower than others after the effects of initial body mass were eliminated (P < 0.05), while the duration of resting behavior increased significantly (P < 0.001). Energy budgets were also significantly different between the three experimental groups after the effects of initial body mass were eliminated, including significant differences in the intake of food, water and energy, the cooling energy of water discharged, and the fecal discharge frequency (P < 0.05). Further, the food intake, energy intake and cooling energy of water discharged by birds feeding on corn were significantly lower than that of birds in the other two treatments. Indeed, many aspects could have influenced the observed differences among treatments in the energy budget and behavior of winter G. japonensis. For example, perhaps the feeding time for crucian carp was limited by the low temperature and short light cycle of experimental conditions. Poor palatability of corn kernels could have led to a decrease in food demand and hence energy intake. Finally, birds feeding on a combination of fish and corn could have received more abundant nutrition from the hybrid diet. To summarize, to maximize energy intake and nutrition in the species, it is necessary to consider the daily light cycle and temperature of the environment. Further, the method of mixed feeding at Zhalong Nature Reserve provides a more balanced diet to Red-crowned Cranes over winter. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献