Влияние комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в условиях Республики Коми

Abstract

In the conditions of the Komi Republic, the effectiveness of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as their combined use in short-term feed crop rotation, was studied in a field stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil. As a result of scientific research (more than 40 years), it was found that the organo-mineral fertilizer system was the most effective. As a result of long-term research, it was found that the most significant yields of forage crops (on average for 3 rotations) were obtained using 80 t/ha of TNK and NPK: annual grasses – 4.4, perennial grasses – 6.2 and potatoes – 7.1 t/ha of high-quality dry matter. The dry matter content in potato tubers in the variants with NPK was 18.0–18.8%, on an organic background – 18.4–18.9, and with the complex application of fertilizers – 17.1–17.7, in the control – 19.6%. The amount of starch in potatoes slightly differed in the variants of the experiment and was equal to 12.6–13.1%. The nitrate content did not exceed the MPC (250 mg/kg of raw mass). The amount of dry matter of annual and perennial grasses changed slightly and amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8%, respectively. It was found that fertilizers contributed to the increase in crude protein in annual and perennial grasses to 13.1–15.0 (in the control – 11.2%) and 8.8–10.6% (in the control – 8.1%).