Повседневность детей Карагандинской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны: оздоровительные кампании в период летних и зимних каникул

Abstract

The article examines health-improving campaigns in the Kazakh SSR in 1941-1945. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze health campaigns for children of the Karaganda region during school holidays during the Great Patriotic War, as well as their impact on the health of children in difficult wartime conditions. The authors enter into scientific circulation the data of the State Archives of the Karaganda Region, the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the State Archives of the Russian Federation. Tables are given on health-improving campaigns in the Kazakh SSR, an analysis is given of the types of health improvement of children in the republic, planned and implemented in fact, as well as an analysis of the reasons for under-fulfillment or over-fulfillment of the plan in the regions of the republic. The novelty of this research is that the authors turn to the regional aspect of the history of children’s everyday life during the Great Patriotic War. To date, there are no special studies on this issue, showing the importance of campaigns to improve the health of children during the winter and summer holidays. In addition to improving the health of children, the importance of these campaigns to prevent neglect in the children’s environment during the vacation time is emphasized, since the parents of most children were at work from morning to evening and did not have the physical opportunity to organize their children’s leisure time. Despite the fact that during the war years there were financial, material and technical, personnel difficulties, the country’s leadership understood that taking care of the health of young citizens those days was the key to success and stability in the future and took measures to improve the health of children ... One of those measures was health campaigns, which included such activities as the work of pioneer camps, recreation sites, sanatorium-type camps, paramilitary camps, transportation to summer cottages, enhanced nutrition, in which schoolchildren, inmates of orphanages, baby homes, children attending nurseries and kindergartens spent time. Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties and shortcomings of the organizational aspects, health-improving campaigns yielded positive results in improving the health of Soviet children during the Great Patriotic War.