양심적 병역 거부에 대한 그리스도교 윤리학적 고찰 및 대안 모색: 슐라이어마허의 그리스도교 윤리학적 관점을 중심으로

Abstract

This study aims at the Christian ethical consideration of conscientious objection to military service in Korea based on the understanding of Christian ethics by Friedrich D. E. Schleiermacher in order to derive the alternative of resolving the conflict over discussion about conscientious objection to military service.BR The foundation of Schleiermacher’s Christian ethics is the existence of Christians. The existence of Christians is a combination of universality in which they are accepted in an unconditional relationship with God through Christ and specificity in which that relationship actually appears in part. The country is based on individuals carrying out productive activities to form nature based on reason and plays the role of identification, so that the members in the community can be connected with each other. For this, the self-defense of country is justified in the relationship with the other states which is conducted in the diplomatic and martial way. Schleiermacher’s understanding of obligatory military service of Christians is a combination of the existence of Christians and the understanding of the country as the place of their actions. Schleiermacher claimed that obligatory military service is ethically fair to Christians, but Christians must strive for tolerance of the minority that can show new possibilities of national development within the country. He also argued that international peace activities are also important in order to fundamentally restrict war.BR Here, there are three types of attitudes that must be taken by the Korean church and Christians toward conscientious objection to military service. First, Korean Christians must consider obligatory military service as neighborly love. Second, they must struggle to tolerate conscientious objectors, which are the minority, and amend related laws. Third, they must strive to peacefully resolve the conflict between South and North Korea, which is the source of obligatory military service. The ethical attitude and act of considering the reality of Christians and gradually aiming for the ideal will productively reject the argument about conscientious objection to military service, while also gradually bringing Korea closer to the ‘Kingdom of God’.