ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВЫБОРА ПРИОРИТЕТНОГО МЕТОДА – КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АКТИВОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПО ФАЗАМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ЦИКЛА

Abstract

Many approaches and methods for assessing an organization's assets in Russian and foreign financial literature are used without setting a specific goal, assessing assets, taking into account the operating environment of an organization, which makes it necessary to choose a priority method for assessing them by phases of the economic cycle. A reasonable choice of tools for assessing the assets of organizations, taking into account the specifics, internal and external conditions of the organization's functioning, will increase the objectivity, reliability of the assessment, having a positive effect on the quality of making appropriate financial decisions, which justifies the relevance and timeliness of the study. It is necessary that each method used for assessing an organization's assets differs in theoretical and practical significance, taking into account the purpose, objectives of the assessment, and the particularities of the organization's development in the phases of the economic cycle, which forms a problematic aspect for Russian organizations in conditions of financial instability. With the help of general scientific and special methods: analysis, including coefficient analysis, synthesis, grouping, analytical, comparative, economic and statistical, extrapolation, the approaches, methods of assessing the organization's assets were studied, the priority of a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of using its assets by economic phases, forming an alternative direction for assessing the organization's assets. In the field of research: in the theoretical direction – the expediency of using the term "appraisal" is argued, the process of asset appraisal is characterized, the uncertain nature of the use of the terms "appraisal" and "value" in Russian financial practice is revealed, the materiality of the principles of substitution and efficiency in the process of asset appraisal is identified; in the methodological direction – approaches, methods of assessing assets are systematized, indicators of the value of assets are identified, it is identified that the value of assets is included in the definition of key indicators of financial stability, it is substantiated that the indicator of financial autonomy in commercial corporate organizations not banks assesses the level of their financial stability and liquidity, it is proved the priority of choosing a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of assets based on the determination of logically interconnected, subordinate relative indicators for the phases of the economic cycle, the advantages and disadvantages of such a comprehensive assessment are identified based on the optimal combination of indicators of financial stability, liquidity of profitability, the expediency of taking into account the influence of external factors on the efficiency of use is argued assets, the priority of the choice of indicators by the phases of the economic cycle, ranked by the level of decreasing significance, was proved: crisis – indicators of liquidity, financial stability, etc .; on the practical side – problems were identified in the state of financial stability, liquidity, profitability, internal factors of negative influence on the efficiency of asset use were identified, the risk of a decrease in financial stability, liquidity, and profitability of the organization was identified.