고려인삼과 미국삼 종간잡종의 형질 및 성분특성

Abstract

본 연구는 Panax속의 유용형질을 탐색하고, 고려인삼과 미국삼, 그리고 종간 잡종인 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX> 식물체의 생육, 형태적 특성, 수량, 적변율 및 ginsenoside함량 등을 조사하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 고려인삼은 적변 발생율이 연생이 높아질수록 증가하였으나, 미국삼은 적변이 발생되지 않았으며 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX>잡종식물체에서도 적변이 발생되지 않았다. 2. 고려인삼과 미국삼의 잡종인 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX>잡종식물체 인삼의 개화기는 미국삼보다 빠르고, 자경종보다는 늦었다. 3. 고려인삼과 미국삼을 교배한 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX> 묘삼의 근형질 특성은 미국삼과 고려인삼에 비하여 근장과 근중이 컸다. 4. 잡종 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX>의 ginsenosides 함량은 대부분이 고려인삼과 미국삼의 중간 정도였으나, 양친보다 Re는 많았고 Rg<TEX>$_1$</TEX>, Rg<TEX>$_2$</TEX> 는 적게 정량 분석되었으며, Rf가 고려인삼에서는 검출되었으나 미국삼 및 F<TEX>$_1$</TEX>잡종식물체에서는 검출되지 않았다. This study was carried out to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng) and American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius), F<TEX>$_1$</TEX> hybrids. Interspecies hybrids between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius were examined morphological characteristics, rusty root incidence, and contents of effective ingredients such as ginsenosides. The summarized results are as follows. In Panax ginseng, rusty root incidence tended to increase with age of ginseng, but there was no difference in the incidence among ginseng ages and cultivation years in Panax quinquefolius and F<TEX>$_1$</TEX> hybrid. The interspecies hybrid of panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius flowered later than the Panax ginseng, but earlier than the Panax quinquefolius. As for the characteristics of ginseng root, Panax quinquefolius seedling was better than cv. Panax ginseng, as the former had longer and heavier seedling root than the latter. Ginsenosides of the hybrid F<TEX>$_1$</TEX> showed intermediate value in amounts of Rb<TEX>$_1$</TEX>, Rb<TEX>$_2$</TEX>, Rc and Rd which were detected as in Panax gineng and Panax quinquefolius. The amount of Re of the hybrid was higher, but that of Rg<TEX>$_1$</TEX> and Rg<TEX>$_2$</TEX> in main and branch roots was lower compared with its parents. Rf was 0.14% and 0.20% in main and branch roots of Panax ginseng, respectively; however, no Rf was detected in Panax quinquefolius and in the hybrid F<TEX>$_1$</TEX>. This suggests there may be remarkable difference in Rf content among the ginseng species.