Мораль и право в философии Фомы Аквинского

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of value – forms of human existence – morality and law in the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. The author demonstrates that in his philosophical and legal doctrine the medieval theologian recognized the naturalness and necessity for people of social life, the aim of which is the common good. Based on the review and analysis of the classification of laws in the teachings of Thomas Aqui-nas, the article concludes that the basis of law for Aquinas is reason, not will and coercion, because the funda-mental desire for virtue is embedded in human nature. Compliance with the laws established by the state is for Aquinas a moral rather than a physical imperative. It is shown that the morality or immorality of a person’s ac-tions is not determined by rewards and punishments. In conclusion, the author ascertains that the separation of law from justice and morality leads to tyranny – the worst possible form of government, from the philosopher’s point of view. According to Thomas Aquinas, just human laws are binding; unfair laws are not laws.