Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the gender and age features of the clinical and psychopathological phenomenology of depressive disorders at the present stage. Materials and methods. In total, 107 men and 138 women with depressive disorders were clinically examined using M. Hamilton's Depression and Anxiety Scale, A. Beck's Depression Questionnaire, C. Spilberger's Scale of State and Trait Anxiety in Y. Hanin modification. Results. It was found that men had higher rates of depression expressiveness on the M. Hamilton’s scale compared to women (21.3 ± 9.8 (19.0; 12.0–31.0) points versus 19.2 ± 9.9 (14.0; 11.0–29.0) points, P < 0.05, in particular, adynamic depression: 15.6 ± 7.0 (13.0; 9.0–22.0) points versus 13.9 ± 7.0 (11.0; 8.0–22.0) points, P < 0.05, and also on the A. Beck’s Depression Questionnaire: 34.9 ± 18.2 (34.0; 19.0–51.0) points versus 30.1 ± 18.8 (25.5; 14.0–48.0) points, P < 0.05, including indicators of cognitive-affective subcales: 22.3 ± 11.8 (22.0; 12.0–33.0) points versus 19.1 ± 12.2 (16.0; 8.0–29.0) points, P < 0.05. Women showed higher levels of anxiety 17.7 ± 9.4 (15.0; 10.0–25.0) points versus 15.0 ± 8.7 (12.0; 7.0–22.0) points, P < 0.01, including mental anxiety: 11.4 ± 5.1 (10.0; 7.0–16.0) points versus 9.9 ± 3.7 (9.0; 7.0–13.0) points, P < 0.05 and somatic anxiety: 6.3 ± 5.0 (4.5; 3.0–9.0) points versus 5.1 ± 5.5 (3.0; 1.0–8.0) points, P < 0.01. Women also had significantly higher state (43.0 ± 12.3 (42.0; 32.0–52.0) versus 39.1 ± 12.1 (36.0; 27.0–49.0), P < 0.01) and trait (42.6 ± 10.4 (43.0; 33.0–53.0 points) versus 39.1 ± 9.7 (36.0; 31.0–44.0) points, P < 0.05) anxiety. An analysis of age patterns revealed a gradual increase in depressive and anxiety manifestations with age, more pronounced in the age group over 45 years. Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to conclude that there are gender and age features of clinical and psychopathological phenomenology of depressive disorders.
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