НАУКОВІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕРМІНУ “КРИТИЧНА ІНФРАСТРУКТУРА”

Abstract

Purpose: scientific substantiation of the concept of “critical infrastructure” based on research of definitions of “infrastructure” and “critical” and comparison of definitions that are widely used in different countries. Methodology: analysis of the content of the concept of “critical infrastructure”, based on the content of the basic terms “infrastructure” and “critical”, analysis of the concept of “critical infrastructure” in laws and regulations of different countries and logical-determinative assessment of these concepts. Results: the general concept of “critical infrastructure” is substantiated – physical and virtual systems, objects and resources – the destruction, destruction or reduction of capacity of which will lead to significant threats to the country (region or city), its national security, life and health. A common understanding of this concept is important in the context of growing and diversifying threats and increasing the complexity of technical, information and social systems, when there is a growing need to protect the basic, ie critical parts of these systems, without which they can not function. Based on the analysis of existing concepts used in regulations and legislation of different countries, as well as scientific approaches of different authors, the main logical characteristics of this concept are identified, and based on the synthesis formed a generalized concept of “critical infrastructure”, which can be the basis for formulating derivatives such as social critical infrastructure, critical engineering infrastructure, etc. Scientific novelty: On the basis of numerical modeling the regularities of stress distribution in rocks under detached rock packs of different shapes have been investigated, which allowed substantiating the parameters of the last and compensatory voids between them to ensure the stability of workings in the soft soil rocks. Scientific novelty: on the basis of comparative analysis the characteristic features of the concept of “critical infrastructure” are singled out, a variable number of definitions of “critical” and “infrastructure” is analyzed, and a general definition of this concept is proposed, which provides a common understanding and can be used. Practical significance: the formulated definition of the concept of “critical infrastructure” will allow the unification of this concept in the scientific field, legislation and regulations. It will allow to formulate derivatives of this concept, in particular, transport, military, social, engineering infrastructure on uniform methodological approaches.