Abstract

전통사회에서 집을 짓는 행위는 개인의 일이었지만, 마을주민들은 마을공동체의 일로 인식했다. 특히, 지경다지기는 주민들이 자발적으로 참여하며, 짧게는 2~3일, 길면 5~6일 동안 무보수로 행하는 공동체 노동이며, 그 속에 제의와 놀이적 성격이 가미되어 있다. 지경다지기는 『후한서(後漢書)』와 『삼국지(三國志)』 동이전(東夷傳)의 기록을 통해 삼국시대에 이미 시작되었으며, 1970년대 이전까지 지경다지기가 보편적으로 이루어진 것을 보면 그 전통이 오랫동안 유지되었다. 현재도 한옥의 주초자리는 구덩이를 내서 자갈, 잡석, 모래, 마사토, 생석회 등을 넣고 다져주는 전통방식은 여전히 지속되고 있다. 다만 나무나 돌달구 대신 기계를 이용해 땅을 다져주는 방식이 달라졌다. 달구는 나무달구와 돌달구를 기본으로 널리 사용하였지만, 경복궁 중건 때는 철달구를 사용하는 등 시대에 따라 그 재료가 달라졌다. 지경다지기 관련 풍속은 이젠 사라졌다. 그러나 지자체 무형문화재가 되어 재탄생되거나 마을 체험프로그램으로 재등장하고 있다. 문화재청에서도 경복궁 흥복전 복원 기공식(2015. 10.23), 소주방 복원 기공식 때(2016.4.25.) 지경다지기를 체험프로그램으로 선보였다. 이 글은 문헌자료와 지역별 연행되고 있는 지경다지기를 통해 역사, 종교의례, 민속적 의미를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 삼았으며, 추후 지경다지기 연구의 근간이 되기를 바라는 마음에서 작성하였다. In traditional society, building houses was the responsibility of individuals, yet villagers perceived it as a collective endeavor of the village community. In particular, the hardening the groung around the house was a voluntary work participated by villigers, being conducted without pay for two to three days in a short period or five to six days in a long time, and the nature of the ritual and play is added to it. Hardening a house site was already started in the Three Kingdoms period(三國時代) through the records of HouHanShu(後漢書) and SanGuoZhi(三國志) DongYiChuan(東夷傳), and the tradition has been maintained for a long time because the hardening a house site was common until the 1970s. Even now, the traditional method of making pits and crushing gravel, miscellaneous stones, and, masato, and raw lime is still being passed on. However, instead of wood or stone tools, the machines strengthen the ground. Dalgu(ground rammer) was widely used made of wood or stone, but the materials have changed according to the times, such as an iron dalgu was used when rebuilding the Gyeongbokgung Palace. The customs related to hardning a house site disappeared these days. However, it has become an intangible cultural heritage of local governments and has been reborn or reappeared as a village experience program. The Cultural Heritage Administration also presented the groundbreaking ceremony for the restoration of Heungbokjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (October 23, 2015) and the groundbreaking ceremony for the restoration of Sojubang (April 25, 2016). This article aims to reveal the history, religious rituals, and folk meanings through literature data and building house sites conducted by region, and was written in the hope that it will serve as the basis for future research on building house sites.

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