Abstract
The article describes the latest advances in the study of the pathogenesis and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the possible methods of its prevention. Limitations in the understanding of the pathogenesis of ROP leads to problems regarding its treatment and prevention. This article highlights the importance of focusing the attention of ophthalmologists on the preclinical stage of ROP and importance of indispensable but usually ignored stages and factors relevant to this stage. The success of new research in identifying comorbidities that affect the pathogenesis of ROP, which opens opportunities for prevention and early screening. It also discusses other recently discovered pathogenetic mechanisms and pathogenic factors that show opportunities for the development of new methods of treatment. Furthermore, the article describes the future potential of genetics in ROP screening and the possibility of genetic counseling. Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, pathogenesis, angiogenesis, vascular autoregulation, hypoxia, platelets, inflammatory factors, growth factors, genetic factors, myeloid cells
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