Приемы увеличения продуктивности горчицы сарептской яровой – культуры многоцелевого назначения

Abstract

In 2021–2023, we studied influence of compound fertilizers on seed productivity, yield of green and dry biomass, oil content in seeds and oil yield of spring brown mustard on fields of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar), on leached black soil of Western Ciscaucasia. Foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers had a positive effect. Comparing to the variant without fertilizer application, these traits increased: seed yield – by 0.29–0.58 t/hа, green mass – by 8.8–10.2, dry biomass – by 1.4–1.8, oil yield – by 0.15–0.26 t/hа, oil content in seeds – by 0.8–1.6 %. However, efficiency of foliar fertilization was controversial. Thus, to obtain the highest seed yield (2.03 t/hа) and oil yield (0.86 t/hа) of spring brown mustard, it is necessary to conduct foliar fertilizing with a complex fertilizer Brassica in a dose of 2 l/hа in a phase of stem growth. The highest vegetative mass of mustard (33.6 t/hа) is formed at foliar fertilization with a fertilizer Vegetative in a dose of 2 l/hа in a phase of crop seedlings. The subsequent application of the complex fertilizer Vegetative in a dose of 2 l/ha in a phase of seedlings and the complex fertilizer Brassica in a dose of 2 l/ha in a phase of stem growth allowed obtaining yield of dry bi-mass of spring brown mustard by 0.4 t/hа higher comparing to other foliar fertilizations.