Нидерландское влияние в формировании традиций придворного польского портрета. Криптопортрет

Abstract

The aim of the study is to consider the Dutch influence on the formation of the Polish court portrait traditions, as well as such a phenomenon as a crypto portrait. The scientific originality lies in the fact that at the moment there is an extremely limited number of studies devoted to the phenomenon of crypto portraits in altar donor images, as well as studies devoted to the investigation of the role and functions of the costume in religious art. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that in church painting and images of the Polish rulers, the “disguised portrait” (“identification portrait”) occupied a special place, at the same time the “disguised portrait” was of particular importance in religious painting of the Netherlands. It has also been revealed that in church painting, the manner of depicting rulers was mainly determined by aspirations of the rulers themselves, despite calls of the church. An important conclusion obtained is that in the 16th-17th centuries, self-portraits of artists, who disguised themselves as participants in group images of historic events, became widespread. At the same time, an artist performed the function of the intermediary between the viewer and what was happening in the picture.