Адаптация личности и внутренняя картина дефекта у подростков с разными вариантами дизонтогенеза

Abstract

Disabilities are traditionally seen as development conditions involving personality desocialization risks. Features of the disorder are reflected in the consciousness of the individual. A person’s subjective perception of their disorder is important for social and psychological adaptation. Adaptive features and adolescent content of the inward disorder pattern (IDP) are presented in the article. The sample consisted of 109 participants — adolescents with visual impairments, with hearing impairments, with severe speech impairments, with delayed mental development. The optimal level of adaptation is typical for all respondents. Adolescents with hearing impairment demonstrate a high level of adaptability, indicate a high level of acceptance of themselves and others, emotional comfort, and internal orientation of self-control. At the same time, respondents demonstrate dependence on others. Respondents with delayed mental development have the opposite adaptation variant. A relatively critical level of acceptance of oneself and others, a moderate level of emotional comfort is observed in this group. Teenagers with delayed mental development often demonstrate dominance in relationships. A comparative analysis of the inward disorder pattern components shows a significant difference in the completeness of all components of the inward disorder pattern. Teenagers with visual impairment are best aware of their violation, know the causes and prevention factors. Adolescents with severe speech disorders show poor cognitive component IDP. Teenagers with delayed mental development are fixated on physical sensations. Children with hearing disorders do not notice physical sensations and discomfort associated with the disorder, and do not demonstrate motivation to change in response to the disorder. The greatest number of correlations exists between the motivational, physical component in the IDP and adaptation indicators. However, reliable correlations are established between the cognitive component and the manifestations of dominancedependence.