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Abstract

The article analyses the scientific approaches of scientists to the evolution, essence and features of the concept of �responsibility�, �social responsibility�, �legal responsibility�. It is stated that responsibility is determined by the level of development of public consciousness, the level of social relations, existing social institutions. Liability as a social phenomenon can be manifested both in a positive way � receiving a reward, and in a negative - for committing offences. The classification of responsibility as a social phenomenon depends on the sphere of social activity, in connection with which political, moral, social, legal and other types of responsibility are distinguished. It is theoretically substantiated that legal responsibility differs from other types of social responsibility by formal definition, obligatory observance of legal norms, state control over their execution, application of state coercion to the offender, prevention of offences and protection of law and order. The degree of responsibility in public and private legal relations is determined. Public torts (crime and misdemeanor) are analysed, problematic issues are outlined and suggestions for their improvement are provided. Types of legal liability for committing offences (torts) are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that responsibility is a necessary condition for the development and effective functioning of the state, its effectiveness depends on the mechanisms of responsibility to the individual and is determined by the level of social consciousness, the level of social relations, existing social institutions. The key task of accountability is the fair application and inevitability of punishment. Today, the real threat to national security is a theoretically unfounded amendment of the legislation on liability for offenses. Chaotic, unsystematic accumulation of blanket norms in the basic codes, introduction of new definitions and definitions in the legislation on criminal liability, misunderstanding of the essence of disciplinary liability for misdemeanors, creation of new bodies carrying out administrative activities carried out in the field of other state bodies. This has led to real irresponsibility of government officials and vulnerability of citizens from illegal actions of offenders. The Constitution of Ukraine states that a person may be liable only for offences defined by law. The law must be clear and effective. Punishment is just and inevitable. However, the law will be effective only when it will contain all the components of the rule of law: the hypothesis is usually a behaviour; disposition - violation of this rule; sanction - punishment for violation.