Причини опідзоленості ґрунтів

Abstract

From the very beginning of the onset of soil science as a science, discussions continue about the origin of the genetically close to the chernozems, but located somewhat to the north of the main arrays of the latter – gray podzolized and turf-podzolic soils, especially those that are located for a long time not under forest vegetation. Most domestic researchers believe that defining in the formation of a certain type of soil is a type of vegetation. Humus can formed only from the fall of herbs. Where common typical chernozems, there was always a grassy formation, and where podzolized chernozems, or gray podzolized soils, not to mention about turf-podzolic soils – there were forests. This is the idea of determining the role of vegetation in shaping types of soils originated by V. Dokuchaev in the study of soils of Nizhnogorodsk province. Alternative views, including the works of O. Nabok, received sharp objections and were forgotten. In the second half of the twentieth century, labor began to appear, which is not confirm the widespread opinion of domestic scientists, as if under the forest vegetation can not form humus. Under the forest, the soil is more sour, because with root extracts there are more hydrogen ionsin the soil that acidify the environment than promote the assimilation of poorly soluble nutrients, in particular phosphorus. The diversity of soils in the plains of Ukraine, mainly is determined by the peculiarities of the water regime. If hydrothermal coefficient is close to 1,0 are formed typical chernozems. Insignificant the flushing of the soil layer causes leaching of alkaline earths elements are formed alkalined chernozems. More rinsing carries not only soluble compounds from the upper horizons, but also in part mucous fraction – there is a process of dementia and, as a consequence, are formed podzolized chernozems. And with the weakening of the turf process the accumulation of humus decreases, are formed dark gray and gray podzolized soils. Key words: soil, podzolized, water regime, types of vegetation.