ПРОСТРАНСТВО В БАШКИРСКОЙ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА

Abstract

This article analyzes the words and idiomatic phrases of the Bashkir language, expressing space and landscape. In the archaic Bashkir linguistic picture of the world, space is associated with the Universe and infinity. The infinity of space is directed both vertically and horizontally. The vertical worldview of the Bashkirs is associated with atmospheric and cosmic phenomena such as clouds, rain, thunderstorms and heavenly bodies, which gave rise to many mythological plots. Such a worldview arose with the desire to explain the existence of underground waters, caves, pits and cracks on the surface of the earth. The horizontal worldview includes four main sides, where the person himself is in the center of the events taking place, and his movements radiate from himself to all sides and are associated with the concepts of «range» and «reach.» Based on stable phrases representing distance from oneself, 4 types of range have been established: yaqyn ‘close’, ergәlә ‘very close’, alïθ, jyraq ‘distant’, bik alïθ ‘very distant’. In addition, it is noted that the types of range can be expressed by somatic vocabulary such as bash osonda ’overhead’, qul osonda ‘at hand’, kut töböndә ‘near the fifth point’, küð aldynda ‘before the eyes’, tanau (athtynda) osonda ‘under the nose, on the tip of the nose’, ajaq athynda ‘under the feet’ etc. Real and surreal space is found in folklore texts. The article also discusses the nomadic space associated with the concepts of pasture, yurt, watering place, etc. According to the author, the ethnic space is formed on the basis of the universal semantic category friend or foe, which divides society into two groups. According to the principle of religious views, two spaces can be distinguished in the Bashkir language: betheŋ donya ‘our world’ and tege donya ‘the afterlife’.