Удельные затраты воды при промывке радиоактивно загрязненных почв

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of irrigation reclamation, measures aimed at reducing the dose of external and internal radiation to people in radioactively contaminated areas. The main purpose of our research is the economical and efficient use of water resources, the search or creation of abundant and clean sources of irrigation from radioactive contamination. Their use for the purification of soils contaminated with cesium‑137, taking into account the danger of spotty nature of contamination of territories. The need for more thorough research and analysis in the use of water resources for washing soils from radioactive contamination has been established. The specific water consumption during soil washing from cesium contamination is analyzed. Soil samples taken in Novozybkovsky, Gordeevsky, Zlynkovsky and other districts of the Bryansk region, which were exposed to the greatest radioactive contamination, were studied. A general analysis of the availability of water resources in the Bryansk region is given. It was revealed that the Novozybkovsky district is highly polluted, densely populated and has fewer water resources than in other districts. There is an urgent need to save water and, as a consequence, the use of chemical meliorants, which reduce the content of Cs‑137 in the crop by 5‑7 times and improve the filtration properties of soils. Washing of radioactively contaminated soils should be practiced on small areas in private subsidiary farms, using meltwater to wash soils from cesium contamination. It was found that during the formation of snow cover, a powerful layer of snow accumulates in the catchment area of a closed depression, which, when melting, creates abundant washing norms, above the area of black spots, at the bottom of depressions, the formation of such a washing regime does not require large expenditures.