Психологический образ детства у российских родителей традиция и современность

Abstract

The paper presents the findings of an empirical and theoretical study of the psychological image of the childhood, adopted by parents in upbringing and educating children. Comparative and historical study of the content of the standard image of the childhood developed in the USSR and Russia demonstrates the dynamics of expansion and transformation of the institutional standard model of childhood.
 The main method of retrospective study was the analysis of Soviet posters, being the major mean of public enlightenment and psychological influence allowing to overcome the limits of the information space, the lack of literacy and the low level of social culture of the majo­rity of the population. The reflection of motherhood and childhood in posters allowed to recreate the history of establishment of the institutional image of the childhood, which is determined by social, economic and ideological objectives of the USSR. Deep political, social and economic changes in present-day Russia have liberated the standard image of the childhood from ideology and suggested other approaches to upbringing and educating children.
 In the course of the project, the authors have developed descriptive models of a psychological image of the childhood, adopted by parents in choosing an educational environment for children. It confirmed the hypothesis that the assumption that the choice of an educatio­nal environment for a child is a social indicator of parents’ ideas on the value of the childhood, on the modern child, on the role of the parents, on the purposes and significance of education, on the future desired for the child, on the social and cultural resources of the family that form the content of the subjective psychological image of the childhood. The authors came to the conclusion that the institutional image of the childhood dominating in the USSR, imposed externally and directed at the society, was replaced by an ordinary image of the childhood aimed at fostering a competitive person and achieving personal success.