Обзор фонда М. Н. Толстой, матери Толстого в отделе рукописей РНБ

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of M. N. Tolstaya collection, kept since 1903 in the Manuscript Department of the National Library of Russia. It consists of 85 manuscripts with a common volume of 4027 sheets. In the 1810s–1820s Tolstaya translated from French into Russian the treatise “Le combat spiritual,” which was a translation of the medieval work of L. Skuupli “Il combattimento spiritual.” She titled her manuscript “Spiritual Combat.” She did not know the Russian text of Skupoli’s work, translated by I. S. Andreevsky in 1787, since it was forbidden to be printed. The article compares some fragments of the “Spiritual Battle” with the “Invisible Warfare” of St. Theophan the Recluse — the famous Russian translation of “Il combattimento spiritual.” For the purpose of religious enlightenment of the Yasnaya Polyana peasants in the 1820s Tolstaya writes “Instruction on the Christian Law, Selected from the Poor’s Store” — an independent work in the catechism genre. It is not known whether she knew the Catechism of Metropolitan Filaret, however, the general structure of these works has much in common. Tolstoy’s activity as a spiritual writer was caused by the desire to improve in the knowledge of God and to serve others.