УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ОРОШЕНИЯ И МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ КЛИМАТА В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ОРОШАЕМОЙ ЗОНЕ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Purpose: to study the impact of various irrigation technologies and the mineral fertilizers application on winter wheat productivity for years with different climatic conditions and to study changes in climatic indicators of the Central irrigated zone Rostov region for the period 2012–2021. Materials and methods. Field research in 2019–2021 were carried out in Bagaevsky district Rostov region on irrigated lands. In the experiment, three options for irrigation technology and three options for the technology of mineral nutrition of winter wheat were studied. According to soil texture of the experimental plot throughout the profile, they are represented mainly by heavy loams. The humus content in the arable layer (0.3 m) is 3.7 %. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid. In the course of the research, the moisture deposits in the soil layer of 0–100 cm were determined by the phases of winter wheat vegetation, the leaf area duration was taken into account, and the winter wheat yield was carried out according to the experimental options. Results. The use of precision irrigation technology made it possible to ensure moisture reserves in the heading phase at the level of 102.4–110.4 mm. Precision irrigation technology without and with the use of various technologies for applying mineral fertilizers ensured maximum yields of up to 4.83–8.69 t/ha. Conclusions. The advantage of precision irrigation technology and the application of mineral fertilizers, which ensures the greatest growth of the leaf area duration of winter wheat and contributes to obtaining maximum yields, even under conditions of scarcity of available water resources during the critical period of winter wheat vegetation, has been determined.