Индивидуализм и коллективизм в греческой философии в период раннего эллинизма

Vladimir Brovkin

doi:10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-100-112

Abstract

It has been found that despite the spread of individualism in the philosophical teachings of early Hellenism, the collectivist component not only did not disappear, but also retained a strong position. Most philosophical teachings were characterized by the coexistence of both tendencies. This is clearly visible in Epicurus, the early Stoics, Anniceris, the Peripatetics and the Academicians. It has also been found that this feature of Greek philosophy was closely connected with the socio-historical development of Greece during the period of early Hellenism. The crisis of the polis system and the formation of Hellenistic monarchies contributed to the strengthening of individualism. The persistence of the tendency toward collectivism was a consequence of the viability of the polis system and the foundation of numerous Greek polities in Hellenistic monarchies.

Highlights

ျၶၷၷ ၽၰᅟ ၺၯၳၯၺၷ ၳၽႀႁၯႁၽႆၼၽ ႇၷၿၽၹၷၻ ႀၯၻၽႂၾၿၯၱၺၴၼၷၴၻ ᄬြၷၹၴၿၻၯၼ ᇳᇻᇺᇷᄕ ᇳᇶᇹᅬᇳᇶᇻᄖ ၅ၺၷၻၽၱ ᇴᇲᇳᇲᄕ ᇶᇷᄭᄙ ွ ၲၽႀႂၳၯၿႀႁၱၴ ၊ႁၽၺၴၻၴၴၱᄕ ၼၯၽၰၽၿၽႁᄕ ၾၽၺၷႀႊ ၼၯႄၽၳၷၺၷႀႋ ၱ ၰၽၺႋႇၴၸ ၶၯၱၷႀၷၻၽႀႁၷ ၽႁ
ƢƣƢƹƢƵƠƢƺ ᄂƩƵ ƼƺƺƩƞƵᄃ ƫƴƣƽƸƞƹᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇳᇻᇺᇷᄭ ƶƺƼơƞƹƺƻƽƶ ƢƳƢƽƲƩơƶƽᄙ ƺƾƴǁƞᄙ ƽƺǁƴƫƹᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇳᇺᄭ ᅸ ƽƣǁƹDŽƞDŽƞ ƴƞƢƣƸƫDŽƞ ƫ ƻƣƽƫƺƢ ƽƞƹƹƣƨƺ ƣƶƶƫƹƫDžƸƞᅺ ƩƟƩƹƺƲƩƮ ƣƩƳƶƺƶƣᄵ ƺƲƩƮ ǁƨƼƹƵƞƳ ᇳᇸᄙᇶᄕ ᇴᇺᇺᅬᇴᇻᇺᄙ ƽƺǁƴƫƹᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇳᇻᄭ ᅸƣƽƫƻƞƿƣƿƫƴƫ ƫ ƻƣƽƫƺƢ ƽƞƹƹƣƨƺ ƣƶƶƫƹƫDžƸƞᅺ ƢƺƻƵƩƲ ƶƴƺƲƶƧƶ ƧƶƺƼơƞƹƺƻƽƢƵƵƶƧƶ ƼƵƩƽƢƹƺƩƻƢƻƞ ᇶᇵᇺᄕ ᇹᇶᅬᇹᇻᄙ ƽƺǂƹᄕ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇲᇻᄭ ᅸ ƞƶƾƣ Ƣƶƣƾᄘ Ʃƣ ƺƶƫƿƫơƾ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ᅸǀƫƣƿ ƫƤƣᅺᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ƞƶƺƿᄕ ƣƢᄙ ƶƴƷƞƵƩƶƵ ƻƶ ƹƢƢƲ ƞƵơ ƶƴƞƵ ƶƳƩƻƩƠƞƳ ƨƶƼƧƨƻᄙ ƫƶƣDŽᅟ ƶƞơƴǂƣƶƶᄕ ᇶᇺᇷᅬᇷᇲᇲᄙ DžƩƞƽƸƞƹᄕ ᄙ ᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇳᇵᄭ ᅸƣƴƺƿƺƽDŽƣ ƞƾƻƣƴƿDŽ ƴǀƶᅘƿƞ ƻƽƞǁƫƿƣƶDŽƞ ǁ ƣƶƶƫƹƫƾƿƫơƩƣƾƴƺƸ ƴǀƶƿǀƽᅟ ƹƺƸ ƺƟƾƩƣƾƿǁƣᅺ ƹƩƺƻƩƞƵƺƲƶƢ ƠƨƻƢƵƩƢ ᇵᄕ ᇳᇸᇷᅬᇴᇵᇶᄙ ƫƶƶƺƹᄕ DžƩᄙ ᄬᇴᇲᇲᇷᄭ ƞƺƳƢơƵƩƲƩ ƳƞƻƶƵƞხ ƺƺƳƢơƶƽƞƵƩƢ ƩƺƻƶƹƩƩ ƹƢƽƵƢƮ ƲƞơƢƴƩƩ ᄂᇋᇌᇏᅂᇊᇏᇌ ƧƧჯ ơƶ Ƶჯ Ƣჯᄃᄙ ƞƹƴƿᅟƣƿƣƽƟǀƽƨᄙ

Summary

Introduction

ᄙ ƿ Ʃƞƾ Ɵƣƣƹ ƤƺǀƹƢ ƿƩƞƿ Ƣƣƾƻƫƿƣ ƿƩƣ ƾƻƽƣƞƢ ƺƤ ƫƹƢƫǁƫƢǀƞƶƫƾƸ ƫƹ ƿƩƣ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩƫơƞƶ ƿƣƞơƩƫƹƨƾ ƺƤ ƣƞƽƶDŽ ƣƶƶƣƹƫƾƸᄕ ƿƩƣ ơƺƶƶƣơƿƫǁƫƾƿ ơƺƸƻƺƹƣƹƿ ƹƺƿ ƺƹƶDŽ ƢƫƢ ƹƺƿ Ƣƫƾƞƻƻƣƞƽᄕ Ɵǀƿ ƞƶƾƺ ƽƣƿƞƫƹƣƢ ƞ ƾƿƽƺƹƨ ƻƺƾƫƿƫƺƹᄙ ƺƾƿ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩƫơƞƶ ƿƣƞơƩƫƹƨƾ ǂƣƽƣ ơƩƞƽƞơƿƣƽƫDžƣƢ ƟDŽ ƿƩƣ ơƺƣǃƫƾƿƣƹơƣ ƺƤ ƟƺƿƩ ƿƣƹƢƣƹơƫƣƾᄙ Ʃƫƾ ƫƾ ơƶƣƞƽƶDŽ ǁƫƾƫƟƶƣ ƫƹ ƻƫơǀƽǀƾᄕ ƿƩƣ ƣƞƽƶDŽ ƿƺƫơƾᄕ ƹᅟ ƹƫơƣƽƫƾᄕ ƿƩƣ ƣƽƫƻƞƿƣƿƫơƾ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ơƞƢƣƸƫơƫƞƹƾᄙ ƿ Ʃƞƾ ƞƶƾƺ Ɵƣƣƹ ƤƺǀƹƢ ƿƩƞƿ ƿƩƫƾ Ƥƣƞƿǀƽƣ ƺƤ ƽƣƣƴ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩDŽ ǂƞƾ ơƶƺƾƣƶDŽ ơƺƹƹƣơƿƣƢ ǂƫƿƩ ƿƩƣ ƾƺơƫƺᅟƩƫƾƿƺƽƫơƞƶ ƢƣǁƣƶƺƻƸƣƹƿ ƺƤ ƽƣƣơƣ Ƣǀƽƫƹƨ ƿƩƣ ƻƣƽƫƺƢ ƺƤ ƣƞƽƶDŽ ƣƶƶƣƹƫƾƸᄙ Ʃƣ ơƽƫƾƫƾ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƻƺƶƫƾ ƾDŽƾƿƣƸ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƤƺƽƸƞƿƫƺƹ ƺƤ ƣƶƶƣƹƫƾƿƫơ ƸƺƹƞƽơƩƫƣƾ ơƺƹƿƽƫƟǀƿƣƢ ƿƺ ƿƩƣ ƾƿƽƣƹƨƿƩƣƹƫƹƨ ƺƤ ƫƹƢƫǁƫƢǀƞƶƫƾƸᄙ Ʃƣ ƻƣƽƾƫƾᅟ ƿƣƹơƣ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƿƣƹƢƣƹơDŽ ƿƺǂƞƽƢ ơƺƶƶƣơƿƫǁƫƾƸ ǂƞƾ ƞ ơƺƹƾƣƼǀƣƹơƣ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ǁƫƞƟƫƶƫƿDŽ ƺƤ ƿƩƣ ƻƺƶƫƾ ƾDŽƾƿƣƸ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƤƺǀƹƢƞƿƫƺƹ ƺƤ ƹǀƸƣƽƺǀƾ ƽƣƣƴ ƻƺƶƫƿƫƣƾ ƫƹ ƣƶƶƣƹƫƾƿƫơ ƸƺƹƞƽơƩƫƣƾᄙ.

Results

Conclusion