재산세 이론 관점에서 과세체계 현황 분석

Abstract

Tax burden on land and houses has been increased and tax resistance to the policy aiming at increase of real estate holding tax is getting strong since revision of the taxation law in 2018. Under this circumstance, the study academically investigates theories of property tax, which is the base of real estate holding tax, and reviews whether or not the current taxation system is working in line of theories of property tax. According to theories of property tax, higher property tax should be imposed on land because of non-elasticity of land supply, elasticity of building supply and capitalization of public service. The study analyzes property tax imposed on both land and building of neighborhood facilities, based on the basic principles of property tax. The findings are as followed; First, the study calculates total expenditure spent on buildings and value of lands, using Standard Market Price for buildings and lands, respectively. According to the result, it is shown that total expenditure spent on a building is higher than value of a land in Provinces. On the other hand, Seoul and other metropolitan cities shows the opposite result. Second, property tax on land is lower than property tax on building in Provinces. The same results is shown in the analysis of effective property tax rate with revised panel data. In other words, the current property tax system imposes higher tax expenditure on building than land, which is not in line with the basic principle of property tax. Third, the current property tax rate should be reviewed and revised by revision of the current taxation law to improve the current circumstance and match with theories of property tax. The findings above may have some academic implications for theories of property tax and provide implications on policy preparation to revise property tax rate.