БУЛГАКОВ И ШОЛОХОВ В КРИТИКЕ РУССКОЙ ЭМИГРАЦИИ ПЕРВОЙ ВОЛНЫ

Abstract

The question of how the first wave of emigration evaluates the works of Bulgakov and Sholokhov is far from simple. While Bulgakov is perceived by emigrants as a Soviet, or at least “sub-Soviet” writer, such definitions are not given to Sholokhov. It is obvious that Sholokhov is perceived as a writer of the first rank, a singer of the Cossacks, and the creator of a wide epic canvas. The completely socialist realist “Virgin Soil Upturned” also receives a fairly positive assessment. At the same time, critics are obviously biased towards Bulgakov. He is valued as a satirist, but his position in “The White Guard” and especially in “Days of the Turbins” is regarded rather as Soviet, and his objectivity is sometimes interpreted as slander. If Sholokhov is perceived almost without criticism, then critical arrows fall on Bulgakov not only from Khodasevich and Adamovich, who seem to be quite unanimous on this issue, but also from a number of connoisseurs of Russian literature.