Исходы самопроизвольного регресса благоприятного типа течения ретинопатии недоношенных

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the structural changes in the fundus of the eye of children as a result of spontaneous regression of a favorable course of stages 1, 2 and 3 of active retinopathy of prematurity. Material and methods. There were 38 children with a favorable course of active ROP. The first stage of the disease was detected in 26 eyes, the second in 39, and the third stage in 11 eyes. All children underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination upon reaching the age of 6 months. Twenty-six of these children (22 cases at the outcome of stage 1, 23 at stage 2, 4 at stage 3) underwent annual follow-up examinations when they reached the age of 1 to 4 years. At the age of 6 months, incomplete retinal vascularization was detected at any stage of the disease: in patients who underwent stage 1 ROP in 46.1 % of cases, stage 2 – in 79.5 % of cases. At the 3rd stage of ROP, the completion of complete vascularization of the retina up to the dentate line occurred only in 2 cases (18.2 %). Results. In the children who were observed in the age period of 1–4 years, the previously identified avascular zone was preserved on the periphery of the fundus. According to SOCT data of the peripheral parts of the retina in the first and second stages of ROP, areas of local compaction of the inner limiting membrane were detected in 9.1 % and 8.7 % of cases, respectively. At the end of the 3rd stage, areas of local epi- and preretinal fibrosis were determined in 42.8 % of cases. Conclusion. All children with retinopathy of prematurity, regardless of the type of course, should undergo regular ophthalmological examination, paying special attention to the condition of the peripheral parts of the retina in order to timely detect distant vitreoretinal complications. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, spontaneous regression.