РОЛЬ ГАМК В КОРРЕКЦИИ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ВЛИЯНИЯ ГИПОКИНЕТИЧЕСКОГО СТРЕССА НА СОСТОЯНИЕ МИКРОФЛОРЫ КИШЕЧНОГО БИОТОПА КРЫС

Abstract

Our results indicated that hypokinesia of different duration (3-30 days) caused expressed dysbiotic disorders in fecal and mucosal intestinal microflora of rats, followed by changes in colonization resistance of intestinal barrier and the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the parenchymal organs and mesenteric lymph nodes, with the formation of different pathological processes. The aim of the study was examination of the role of GABA, having the expressed stress-limiting and immune-modulating action, on the correction of the negative consequences of hypokinesia on the intestinal microbiota. Experiments were carried out on 58 non-linear white male rats, weighing 150-170g. These animals were divided into 5 groups: the control group, and the groups of animals, who were exposed to 3-, 7-, 14- and 30-days of physical activity limitation and were intraperitoneally injected GABA - 10mg/kg during 6 days (twice a day). Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., E. coli, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. were bacteriologically isolated from the feces, mucosa of duodenum, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, spleen, lungs, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood. Species identification was carried out using the standard method and the API 50 Test-System (bioMerieux, France). The frequency of detection in % and average concentration (lg CFU/g) of microbes in the experimental material were determined. Experiments have shown that injection of GABA to animals significantly increases the frequency of detection (by 33-100%) of the dominant bacteria in the feces and their mean concentration, which equaled their control values, and on the 7th day of hypokinesia it exceeded the control values. Under the same conditions, there was no difference detected in the frequency of detection and the average concentration of the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in both the experimental and control groups. E. coli was only isolated from the mucosa of the large intestine on the 7th and the 14th days of hypokinesia with the frequency of 50% and 25% and with the average concentration of 1,1 and 0,5 lg CFU/g correspondingly, as compared with the control group, where these bacteria were absent. Under the action of GABA, no other bacteria in the mucosa of the intestine were detected. Preliminary 6-day injection of GABA to animals, which were exposed to hypokinesia for 3-30 days, prevented translocation of the Staphylococcus and E. coli to the parenchymal organs and mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, our data indicated that preliminary injection of GABA (10mg/kg) to animals, which underwent hypokinetic stress for 3-30 days, corrects dysbiotic disorders of intestinal microbiocenosis, prevents translocation of bacteria into internal medium of organism and further possible development of severe pathological conditions and complications in case of prolonged limitation of physical activity.