Морфодинамика и гидроморфология речных русел как разделы учения о русловых процессах

Abstract

The article considers the structure of the study of channel processes (channel studies) as an independent section of river hydrology, which explores the effect of river runoff on the land surface. The main components of channel studies are the morphodynamics and hydromorphology of the channels. These sections are interacting with the dynamics of the channel flows and the theory of river drifts which depending on the content of the research are part of the channel science or the branches of knowledge unrelated to it. The basis of morphodynamics is the study of the morphology and dynamics of river channels, their technogenic changes, as well as river floodplains as derivatives of channel deformations, and the development of longitudinal river profiles. Hydromorphology develops hydrologic-morphological, hydromorphometric, morphometric and hydrologic-morphodynamic relations, establishes dependencies connecting the parameters of the channels among themselves, and with the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the rivers. It is shown that these dependencies are the basis for the development of forecasts of channel deformations as a result of the selfdevelopment of channel forms, natural and anthropogenically caused changes in the natural environment and climate. The methodology of managing channel processes and ensuring hydro-ecological safety during the development of river resources are based on regularities of channel deformations and forecasts of their development.