ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНТЫ ИЗ КРЕСТЬЯН ИВАН ГОЛЫШЕВ И ИВАН СЫТИН: КНИГОИЗДАТЕЛЬСКАЯ И ПРОСВЕТИТЕЛЬСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ

Abstract

In the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a lot was done in the field of educating the population of the Russian Empire and introducing it to reading. The reforms of Alexander II gave an additional impetus to the development of book publishing in the Russian province. This article is devoted to two bright representatives of the intelligentsia, natives of the peasantry of the Upper Volga region, I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin. Evidently, I. D. Sytin stands alone among the representatives of the peasantry of the Kostroma province. He was the greatest pre-revolutionary book publisher of the Russian Empire. A peasant from the settlement of Mstera I. A. Golyshev also made a significant contribution to the book publishing business of Russia, but in the Upper Volga region. Both of them day after day, to the best of their abilities, made everything that depended on them, so that a book, a newspaper, a magazine could become closer to the average citizen and villager. The article demonstrates the desire of I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin to make as many ordinary city and village residents as possible prefer addressing the printed word rather than spending time idly (often abusing alcohol). Thanks to the activities of such ascetic educators (cultural traders), the scope of influence of printed materials on the ordinary population of the Russian Empire has expanded. In general, book publishing and educational activities of the characters of this article did not go beyond the dominant ideology of tsarist Russia, based on the famous triad by S. S. Uvarov — «Orthodoxy — Autocracy — Nationality».