Оценка системной эффективности водородного комплекса на основе замкнутого водородного цикла на АЭС

Abstract

The article substantiates the actuality of providing NPPs with basic electric load in the conditions of increasing their share in the structure of power systems. In this regard, as an alternative way to using the pumped storage power plant (PSPP), on the basis of the scientific base of the authors of the article, schemes for combining the hydrogen facility with nuclear power plants with justification for their effectiveness are given. These are combination schemes in which the steam obtained from burning hydrogen with oxygen is mixed with the steam of the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant and overheats it. At the same time, peak power generation at NPPs when combined with the hydrogen facility is efficiently possible when using steam-hydrogen overheating of fresh steam through the use of a two-stage hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber installed in front of the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. A variant is possible with the installation of a constantly operating low capacity additional steam turbine, which, along with obtaining additional peak power, can improve the reliability of power supply for the needs of nuclear power plants in conditions of major system emergency with disconnect due to the use of steam obtained from residual heat in reactors. A new combination scheme based on a closed hydrogen cycle has been developed in which the steam initially obtained from hydrogen combustion additionally heats the feed water before entering the steam generator and then overheats the steam of the steam turbine cycle of the nuclear power plant in front of the turbine without mixing due to the use of heat-exchange heating surfaces. In the scheme provides a catalytic afterburner of unreacted hydrogen. The systemic efficiency of the newly developed scheme is investigated. Initial data and a methodology for provide equal supply of peak electricity at compared with the PSPP are given. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of additional heating of feed water and overheating of fresh steam in front of the turbine are presented. It is shown that the use of most of the heat from the combustion of hydrogen for the initial overheating of fresh steam is thermodynamically more effectively, since it reduces the cost of replacement power at compared with the PSPP. The results of the net present value evaluation in the compared variants are presented. The variant of the hydrogen facility with the lowest cost of replacement power is shown to compete with the PSPP at its specific investment of $ 660 / kW. PSPP options with a specific investment of more than $ 660 / kW are not competitive with the hydrogen facility.