Антропологическое измерение политико-правовых ценностей Л.Н. Толстого и Ф. Ницше

Abstract

For over 200 years, the issue of moral, religious, legal, and state values has been especially relevant. The question of values was in the focus of the study undertaken by L. Tolstoy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There was a revision of Soviet and Western Europa’s values, but at the same time a development of the new Russian ones began. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the philosophical and legal ideas of L. Tolstoy (1829–1910). The article discusses the issues of correlation between right and law, morality and right, right and religion, and Tolstoy’s anthropological approach to realization of the principle of the humanism that influence existing law, development and domination of the specific social force ideas in a certain historical condition that are not determined by the legal culture of society. The philosophical and legal ideas of L. Tolstoy were examined based on an anthropological approach. An eminent Russian writer proposed a system of values based on the principles of humanism, loving your neighbor as yourself, and principle of not doing to another what you do not wish done to you. L. Tolstoy was largely a follower of a legal culture of the Russian peasants and Christians’ morality. A reading of works by L. Tolstoy makes it possible to conclude that he was trying to write the Gospel of future where the loving your neighbor was the supreme value. Unlike L. Tolstoy, F. Nietzsche believed that the human value depends on the will power to authority and freedom from moral standards. F. Nietzsche was an anti-Christian and anti-Kantian thinker and considered Christian morality to be unnatural thing. His system of values was destructive. F. Nietzsche proposed a morality of those in power instead of Christian one. F. Nietzsche and L. Tolstoy were supporters of diametrically opposite political and legal values. F. Nietzsche was a supporter of struggle for public authority, violence, and conflict, and L. Tolstoy preached of philosophy of life based on love and justice.