基于生态系统服务供需匹配与耦合协调的生态管理分区——以大连市为例

Abstract

生态管理分区是建设用地扩张指引和生态空间管控的重要依据，对维护区域生态安全和生态文明建设具有重要意义。以我国北方沿海重要中心城市——大连市为例，选取食物供给、水源涵养、固碳释氧、土壤保持、生境维持和美学景观6项指标，综合运用模型法及生态经济学方法量化生态系统服务供给，并结合土地利用、人口和经济现状定量评估2015年生态系统服务需求。利用象限匹配法和耦合协调度模型，探究千米网格尺度下生态系统服务供需匹配关系和协调关系及其区域差异，进而通过空间叠置分析划分生态管理分区并提出相应管理措施，旨在为区域内生态修复以及差异化建设提供科学参考。研究结果表明：①大连市生态系统服务供需具有显著空间异质性，总体呈现北部林地和东西部沿海生态系统服务供给高、需求低，中南内陆城镇区生态系统服务供给低、需求高的空间格局；②生态系统服务供需不匹配和失调特征明显，匹配类型以高供给-低需求和低供给-高需求为主，生态系统服务供需耦合协调度平均值为0.38，表现为轻度失调；③综合分析将大连分为4个生态管理区，其中，生态涵养区为高供低需-供需失调区，要以保护为主培育为辅，重点保护；生态农业区为高需-供需平衡区，以生态保护和生态建设为主，提高其投入产出效率；生态改良为低供高需-供需失调区，以生态建设和整治为主，综合改善生态系统服务水平；生态一般保护区为高供-供需失调区，以综合保护为主，提高生态溢出效应。;Ecological management zoning is an important basis for construction land expansion guidelines and ecological space management,and is of great significance to maintain regional ecological security and ecological civilization construction. Taking Dalian,a coastal city in northern China,as an example,six indicators including food supply,water retention,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,soil conservation,habitat support,and aesthetic landscape are selected,and ecological economics methods are used to quantify the supply of ecosystem services (ES). We combined land use,population,and economic status to quantitatively assess the ES demand in 2015. Using the quadrant matching method and the coupling coordination degree model,we explore the matching relationship and coordination relationship of ES supply-demand and its regional differences at the 1 km grid scale. Then we divide the ecological management zone via spatial overlay analysis and propose management measures. It can provide scientific references for ecological restoration and differentiated construction in the region. The results show that: ① the supply and demand of ES in Dalian has significantly spatial heterogeneity,and overall there is a space with high supply and low demand for ES in northern forests and east and west coastal area,and low ES supply and high demand in central and southern inland urban areas. ② The ES supply-demand mismatch and imbalance characteristics are obvious. The matching types are mainly high supply-low demand and low supply-high demand. The average value of the coupling coordination degree of ES supply and demand is 0.38,which is a mild imbalance. ③ The comprehensive analysis divides Dalian into 4 ecological management zones. Among them,the ecological conservation zone is the high supply and low demand-supply and demand imbalance area,which should be protected as the main cultivation supplemented by the key protection; the ecological agriculture zone is high demand-supply and demand balance area,focusing on environmental protection and ecological construction,to improve its input and output efficiency; ecological improvement zone is a low supply and high demand-supply and demand imbalance area,focusing on ecological construction and renovation,and comprehensively improving the ES level; general ecological protection zone is a high supply-supply and demand imbalance area,which focuses on comprehensive protection to improve the ecological spillover effect.