Πειραματική και υπολογιστική διερεύνηση ροϊκής συμπεριφοράς φυγοκεντρικών αντλιών

Abstract

Object of the present doctoral thesis constitutes the experimental and computational study of the effect of the blade leading edge angle to the cavitation and performance of a centrifugal pump. In this study, the blade design is realized, applying a new blade design method (Double-Arc Synthetic Method - DASM), that combines two Pfleiderer' s design methods. For the realization of the experimental study, three different centrifugal pump impellers, with blade leading edge angle of 9, 15 and 21 deg, are constructed by aluminium alloy and plexiglas. A pump test rig is constructed and equipped with high accuracy instrumentation. Transparent parts of the pump test rig allow the observation of fluid flow inside the examined impeller and the photography of the cavitation that is developed in the blades, using a stroboscope. The experimental analysis is focused on the study of the one-phase flow and cavitation. Concretely, for the experimental study of the one-phase flow, the change of the total head and performance of the pump with respect to the flow rate is examined. Moreover, the change of the total head and performance of the pump with respect to the blade leading edge angle is studied, for three different flow rates. The deviation of the experimental results of the total head from the corresponding results of the affinity law is investigated. Lastly, the uncertainty of the measurements and concretely of the total head and performance of the pump is calculated. Studying experimentally the cavitation, we focus on the change of the total head and performance of the pump with respect to the net positive suction head available, for different flow rates. The change of the total head and performance of the pump with respect to the blade leading edge angle, for three different values of the net positive suction head available is tested. Afterwards, the percentage of the total head drop is examined, when cavitation begins. Moreover, the maximum percentage of the total head drop is studied for the greatest tested flow rate. The change of the net positive suction head required and the crucial cavitation number with respect to the flow rate is studied, for three different blade leading edge angles. Lastly, the uncertainty of the measurements and concretely of the total head, the net positive suction head available and the performance of the pump is calculated. Furthermore, in the present doctoral thesis the computational analysis of three-dimensional centrifugal pump with structured mesh is realized using the computational package ANSYS CFD-Fluent, for the study of both the one-phase flow and the cavitation, of the tested centrifugal pump impellers. The computational study of the one-phase flow for the three different examined centrifugal pump impellers, is focused on the change of the total head with respect to the flow rate. Furthermore, the deviation of the computational results of the total head from the corresponding results of the experimental study is investigated. The absolute pressure distribution inside the tested centrifugal pump impellers at the middle span and the dimensionless pressure distribution around the impellers, at the middle span, are investigated for the greatest flow rate. The computational study of the cavitation, is mainly focused on the change of the total head with respect to the net positive suction head available. Moreover, the deviation of the computational results of the total head from the corresponding results of the experimental study is investigated. The absolute pressure distribution inside the tested centrifugal pump impellers at the middle span and the dimensionless pressure distribution around the impellers, at the middle span, are investigated for the greatest flow rate. Lastly, the vapour distributions are resulted by the computational analysis and are compared with the corresponding photographs of cavitation that were snapped with the aid of the stroboscope, during the experiments, for the three blade leading edge angles. From the experimental and computational results, we observe that the deviation of the computational results from the corresponding experimental results is very small. Thus, the computational analysis that is developed in the present work constitutes a reliable tool of the investigation of the flowfield and cavitation in centrifugal pumps and it aims at future studies, such as parametric investigation and optimization of pump design.