中国高等教育机会：研究回顾与研究趋势

Abstract

China’s higher education is undergoing a transformation from elitism towards inclusivity, moving towards mass education. Despite this shift, the academic community continues to focus on the inequality of higher education opportunities. This study, using advanced searches in the CNKI database with “higher education opportunities” as the main theme, selected 1259 articles from Chinese journals in Peking University’s core periodicals and CSSCI. Through visual statistical analysis in Excel, the research vividly illustrates the year-byyear growth of studies on China’s higher education opportunities since 1992, reaching its peak in 2010, with the literature quantity showing a fluctuating trend from 2014 to 2022. CiteSpace was employed to analyze the types of keyword nodes in the 1259 articles, revealing that academic research is macroscopically influenced by government guiding ideologies and educational policies. The “gender differences” in higher education opportunities have been a continuous research focus, and it was observed that “gender differences” have the longest half-life, presenting a classical nature. The study results also indicate an expansion of higher education opportunities. However, achieving equal distribution requires translating policies into specific measures, especially targeting vulnerable groups, including women. Therefore, a comprehensive approach combining qualitative and quantitative research is necessary to more thoroughly address gender differences in the distribution of higher education opportunities.