Комплексное развитие моногородов: опыт Самарской области

Abstract

Introduction. Sustainable development of the country and its individual regions largely depends on the socio-economic development of a special type – single-industry towns. Russia is characterized by 319 single-industry municipalities, including 100 ones with the most difficult social and economic situations. The 206 single-industry town unemployment rate exceeds the average. The continued dependence of single-industry towns on the core enterprises’ functioning, the poor quality of the urban environment trigger the need for the effective instruments of support and development in single-industry areas.Aims. The purpose of the paper is to study the conditions and trends of modern socio-economic development of single-industry areas in Samara region and to summarize the experience of the region in meeting the challenges of complex development of single-industry towns (for example, Tolyatti).The following methods were used: systems analysis, analogy and comparison, generalization, content analysis, statistical analysis. These methods allow ensuring reliability of the research and validity of theoretical conclusions and proposals.Results. Traditional and new tools of state support for single-industry areas at the federal and regional levels of government are systematized. The prerequisites and trends in the socio-economic development in Tolyatti in 2010–2015 are analyzed. Practices in Samara region in the state support single-industry city districts represented by Tolyatti are summarized. Current restrictions that impede the implementation of integrated development projects in Tolyatti are identified. Conclusion. The main barriers to a positive effect from the use of state instruments are the existing constraints in employment in Tolyatti – highly specialized areas of personnel’s expertise, the outflow of highly qualified specialists; residents’ mentality. The current restrictions in the multi-faceted socio-economic development in Tolyatti can be eliminated in several ways: successful functioning of the priority development territory; setting up an engineering center; the development of a new educational system; improving the urban environment. The tools of state support in Tolyatti refer to the traditional tools – subsidies and privileged taxation for the investors in the existing special economic zone “Tolyatti”, as well as the new ones, including Single-industry Town Development Fund, priority development territory, project management based on the program “Integrated Development of Single-Industry Towns”. Special attention is paid to the employees’ selection for Samara region teams managing the projects aimed to develop single-industry towns and to inform and to consult single-industry town development projects