基于相似性的形状偏好：来自假设检验任务中的证据

Abstract

本研究利用包括形状、颜色、图案三个维度的几何图形作为刺激材料，来考察成人在假设检验任务中的“形状偏好”现象。设计了与目标刺激“低相似”(1S)和“高相似”(2S)两种测试刺激。1S只有一个维度与目标刺激相同，而2S与目标刺激共享两个维度。研究结果发现：1) 成人更倾向于选择2S刺激，表明了相似性在推理过程中的重要作用。2) 相比于颜色，成人表现出了“基于相似性的形状偏好”，表明物体形状是成人判断推理时的重要线索。 The purpose of our research was to explore the shape bias of adults in hypothesis testing task. Geometrical figures were used in our study which contained three dimensions (shape, color and pattern). The testing stimuli could be classified into two groups (1S and 2S) according to their si-milarity with the testing objects. 1S shared one feature with the testing objects, while 2S shared two features with the testing objects. It was found that: 1) adults preferred 2S, suggesting that si-milarity plays an important role in the process of induction; 2) compared with color, adults showed shape bias based on similarity, indicating that shape was an critical clue for the induction of adults.