海洋工程生态损害评估与补偿——以厦门杏林跨海大桥为例

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 海洋工程生态损害评估与补偿——以厦门杏林跨海大桥为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402250320 作者: 作者单位: 厦门大学环境与生态学院,厦门大学环境与生态学院,国家海洋局海洋发展战略研究所,国家海洋局海洋发展战略研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项项目"海洋工程和海上溢油生态补偿/赔偿关键技术研究示范"(#201105006) Ecological damage assessment and compensation of marine engineering: case study of Xinglin sea-crossing bridge, Xiamen Author: Affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University,College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University,Chinese Institute for Marine Affairs, State Oceanic Administration,Chinese Institute for Marine Affairs, State Oceanic Administration Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:随着海岸带地区经济的发展、人口的增加和城市化程度的加快,日益增多的各类海洋工程已经或者正在损害海洋与海岸带生态系统为人类提供各种产品和服务的能力,严重威胁到人类健康和海洋经济的可持续发展。实施海洋生态损害补偿制度,即让生态损害责任方承担生态损害的全部成本,是解决海洋生态损害问题的有效途径之一。建立了海洋工程生态损害评估框架和生态损害补偿标准估算模型,并成功运用于厦门杏林跨海大桥的案例研究。结果表明,在2%的贴现率下,杏林大桥生态补偿标准为1739万元,远高于政府实际征收的补偿金额600万元。该评估框架信息需求量小,成本低且简单易行,在小规模海洋工程的生态损害评估与补偿方面有良好的应用前景。 Abstract:With fast economic growth, population increase, and urbanization in coastal zones, an increasing number of marine engineering projects have diminished or are diminishing the capacity of ocean and coastal ecosystems to provide goods and services for mankind, threatening the health of local populations and the sustainable development of marine economies. To prevent marine ecological damage and to ensure sustainable development in coastal regions, market-based incentives, such as marine ecological damage compensation (MEDC), have been introduced due to their high efficiency and flexibility. The basic premise of this approach is to make the responsible parties pay the full costs associated with the ocean space development activities, i.e., the ocean users should pay the private costs as well as the cost of marine ecological damage, so that excessive development activities can be curbed. While there are many studies about the ecological damage and compensation of spills of oil or other hazardous substances, coastal reclamation or wetland drainage, there have been few attempts in the academic community to research the ecological damage of marine engineering such as the construction of a sea-crossing bridge and marine culture. In practice, marine engineering gets approval from the relevant government agencies, and pays fees for the use of sea areas, which may make them ignore ecological damage compensation. However, these damages are typically long lasting and have considerable cumulative effects on marine habitats and environment. Thus, the development of a framework for ecological damage assessment caused by marine engineering is urgently needed, to ensure the marine ecosystems been compensated.This paper presents a framework for ecological damage assessment and a model for the development of a MEDC standard. The value of ecosystem services in the affected sea area and the severity of damage to various ecosystem services in various sea area use patterns related to the marine engineering are systematically assembled in the established model. The established framework and model are employed in the Xinglin sea-crossing bridge, Xiamen. Results show that the ecological damage and therefore the ecological damage compensation of Xinglin sea-crossing bridge is 17.39 million yuan with the discount rate 2%. The amount of ecological damage is 12.76 million yuan even with a high discount rate, 4%, which is far more than the amount of compensation, 6 million yuan, which was actually imposed by local government. Xiamen municipality needs to re-examine its compensation standard to reflect the real damage of marine engineering and to ensure to collect enough money to restore the damaged ecosystems. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献