Abstract
This paper examines the trend of modern Haiku based on the change in the modern view of Haiku and its relationship with ‘Ziyūritu (Haiku of free verse)’, and investigates the characteristics and significance of Hōsai's Haiku of free verse. Modern Haiku was influenced by the Western literary trend, and the social function of literature demanded that it reflect and express the emotions and thoughts of modern life. Under the influence of Seisensui, who advocated ‘Haiku of free verse’ which focused on the “rhythm of nature and life”, Hōsai gained a reputation as a writer of ‘Haiku of free verse’. Hōsai also wrote about nature according to Yūkiteikei (fixed form of existence season words) when he was a student. But after graduating from school the number of ‘haiku of free verse’ increased. The proportion reached 94.87% in 1916. Since then, most of them have been ‘Haiku of free verse’. Accordingly, the year 1916 can be said to be the turning point for Hōsai's ‘Haiku of free verse’. Hōsai used the vocabularies of the people and things around him. He makes us feel the realization of nature’s providence, the sense of the season, and the homogeneity as a human being with delicate observation and sincere expression of emotions all not bound by forms or seasonal words. His ‘Haiku of free verse’ can be said to be a projection of his life itself.
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